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1.
medrxiv; 2022.
Preprint in English | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2022.02.03.22270311

ABSTRACT

Stress is an established risk factor for somatic and mental disorders. The COVID-19 pandemic and the related countermeasures severely affect the lives of families. Prenatal stress, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and genetic factors might impact the well-being of individuals. The present work is part of an ongoing birth cohort study and aims to investigate maternal perceived stress, early childhood HPA axis activity and polygenic risk scores (PRSs) as predictors of emotional well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. All participants are part of the ongoing birth cohort study POSEIDON. Emotional well-being of children (n = 259) and mothers (n = 211) was assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic using the CRISIS questionnaire. Furthermore, associations between previously assessed maternal perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), children's salivary and morning urine cortisol measures at 45 months, PRSs for depression, schizophrenia, loneliness and current emotional well-being were investigated. A positive association between the child's and the mother's emotional well-being was found. A worse emotional well-being was observed in both children and mothers during the pandemic compared to before. Children's emotional well-being improved over the course of the pandemic, while mothers' well-being worsened. Maternal perceived stress, salivary and morning urine cortisol and PRSs were not significantly associated with the assessed emotional wellbeing. The present study confirms that emotional well-being of children and mothers is negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with differences in development over time. Future studies should examine which mechanisms contribute to stress-related associations and at which age they can be identified.


Subject(s)
Schizophrenia , Depressive Disorder , Mental Disorders , Hypothalamic Neoplasms , COVID-19
2.
medrxiv; 2021.
Preprint in English | medRxiv | ID: ppzbmed-10.1101.2021.09.12.21263447

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with all its impacts on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preventative health behavior and, therefore, the risk of contracting the virus. Aims We examined overlapping genetic underpinnings between major psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to explore the genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders and personality traits based on data from the largest available respective genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In two cohorts (the PsyCourse (n=1346) and the HeiDE (n=3266) study), polygenic risk scores were used to analyze if a genetic association between, psychiatric disorders, personality traits, and COVID-19 susceptibility exists in individual-level data. Results We observed no significant genetic correlations of COVID-19 susceptibility with psychiatric disorders. For personality traits, there was a significant genetic correlation for COVID-19 susceptibility with extraversion (p=1.47×10-5; rg=0.284). Yet, this was not reflected in individual-level data from the PsyCourse and HeiDE studies. Conclusions We identified no significant correlation between genetic risk factors for severe psychiatric disorders and genetic risk for COVID-19 susceptibility. Among the personality traits, extraversion showed evidence for a positive genetic association with COVID-19 susceptibility, in one but not in another setting. Overall, these findings highlight a complex contribution of genetic and non-genetic components in the interaction between COVID-19 susceptibility and personality traits or mental disorders.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Mental Disorders , Intellectual Disability , Personality Disorders
3.
psyarxiv; 2021.
Preprint in English | PREPRINT-PSYARXIV | ID: ppzbmed-10.31234.osf.io.k4efw

ABSTRACT

Hintergrund: Mit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2 Pandemie und der nachfolgenden Maßnahmen zu ihrer Eindämmung im Frühjahr 2020, ist rasch die Frage nach Auswirkungen einer Beschränkung sozialer Kontakte auf die psychische Gesundheit der Bevölkerung aufgekommen. Einsamkeit beschreibt die wahrgenommene Qualität der eigenen Kontakte und Beziehungen zu anderen Menschen. Zahlreiche Studien haben einen Zusammenhang von Einsamkeit mit somatischen und psychischen Erkrankungen aufgezeigt. Ziel: Auswertung der Häufigkeit von Einsamkeit und ihrer Beziehung zu Angst- und Depressionssymptomen in der ersten Welle der Pandemie im Mai 2020. Methoden: Die NAKO-Gesundheitsstudie (NAKO) hat zwischen 2014 und 2019 205.000 Personen im Alter zwischen 20 und 69 Jahren in 18 Studienzentren in Deutschland rekrutiert und untersucht. Die nachfolgende Zweituntersuchung musste auf Grund der Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 unterbrochen werden. In dieser Zeit wurde ein COVID-19 bezogener Fragebogen entwickelt und an alle Teilnehmenden verschickt. Ausgewertet wurden die 113.928 Fragebögen, die innerhalb der ersten 30 Tage zurückgeschickt wurden. Einsamkeit wurde mit der 3-Item UCLA-Loneliness-Scale, Angst und Depression mit den PHQ-9 und GAD-7 Skalen des Patient Health Questionnaire erhoben. Ergebnisse: Im Mai 2020 nahmen sich 31,7 % der NAKO-Teilnehmenden als einsam wahr. Frauen und junge Menschen waren häufiger als Männer und ältere Personen betroffen. Mit steigender Wahrnehmung von Einsamkeit nahm der Schweregrad von Depressions- und Angstsymptomen stetig zu. Einsame Personen während der Pandemie gaben bereits zur NAKO-Basisuntersuchung mehr depressive und Angstsymptome an als NAKOTeilnehmende, die in der Pandemie nicht einsam waren. Schlussfolgerung: In der NAKO-Gesundheitsstudie zeigte sich während der ersten Phase der Pandemie ein Zuwachs an Einsamkeit und ihr deutlicher Zusammenhang mit schlechterer, psychischer Gesundheit.


Subject(s)
von Willebrand Diseases , Depressive Disorder , COVID-19
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